Tuesday, April 29, 2014

Treacherous Times for Pastor and People - Rev. F.J. Biltz During the Civil War


“When [Rev. Franz Julius] Biltz accepted the call to Concordia, he perhaps little realized what great dangers he would encounter as pastor of the congregation,” wrote Lutheran historian August R. Suelflow.  Rev. Biltz was installed April 29, 1860, nearly a year before the Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter.  In October 1860, the new pastor attended the convention of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Illinois and other States in 1860.  He reported to the convention that the members of the congregation at that time totaled 325 souls with 86 students in the parish school.  The relative peace of life in the new parish would be short lived as the Civil War would tear the nation in two and the conflict reach as far as the prairie of Western Missouri. 

The conflict spread to Lafayette County already by the summer of 1861.  William Arndt, who served as professor at St. Paul’s College in Concordia from 1912-1921, wrote of Biltz, “The Civil War had been casting its shadows before it in Western Missouri and Eastern Kansas; but that his own little flock of honest, hard-working, peace-loving German immigrants would become implicated in such bloody affairs undoubtedly must have seemed to him a very remote possibility, if it entered his mind at all.”   According to historian Robert Frizell, Biltz would be interrogated by Colonel Edwin Price, son of Missouri State Guard commander and former governor, General Sterling Price.  While assurances were made to Biltz that the German community would be left out of the conflict, the rebel troops claimed guns, horses, and other goods from the residents of the Cook’s Store area (one of the early names for the community). 

The most personal brush with the conflict for Biltz would come the following year.  On October 5, 1862, Pastor Biltz went to the home of Julius Vogt to baptize newborn twin sons.  As Biltz joined the family and guests for a celebration meal after the baptisms, armed men took descended upon the gathering.  They would take Biltz and others prisoners, killing Heinrich Brockhoff and Heinrich Hartmann.  The band of “Bushwhackers” would wound a number of men, but eventually released Biltz and several others.  Biltz, would in turn, conduct the funerals of the men killed the very next day.

In the summer of 1863, four young men (Conrad Bruns, Louis Fiene, Dietrich Karsten, and William Scharnhorst) from the congregation had been killed by guerilla troops.  As the congregation gathered in the old brick church on the site of the St. Paul’s cemetery for the funeral, reports reached the assembled of approaching troops.  Arndt recounts the chaos that ensued, noting that Biltz remained in the pulpit until the elders pleaded with him to come down.  Once the congregation learned that the troops were approaching were Union soldiers, the funeral continued.  The history of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church notes that Pastor Biltz prayed, “God have mercy on our congregation and on our land.” 

The most deadly conflict with the Bushwhackers would come late in the war, in October 1864.  News reached the citizens of the community that the guerillas were once again in the area.  Approximately 100 men gathered at St. Paul’s to set out to meet the rebel troops.  Biltz was originally with the group that was setting out on horseback, but the tall man was encouraged to go with the other group on foot.  The group on horseback headed East while the group on foot went northeast.  The group on horseback encountered a larger group of the guerillas near Emma and twenty-four local men were killed, thirteen from St. Paul’s.  The second group, that included Biltz, met no enemy troops and returned safely home to the sad news of the deaths of so many.  Once again, Biltz would be called on to bring the comfort of God’s Word for a congregation and community saddened by grief and tragedy. 

In 2009, Biltz’s diaries were discovered in a collection of items from his grandson, Rev. Theodore Walther at Concordia Historical Institute (CHI) in St. Louis.  His diaries note significant milestones during the Civil War era such as comments about specific battles and the assassination of President Lincoln, in addition to his notes about community and parish life.  The diaries were featured in an exhibit at the CHI Museum housed at the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod International Center. 

The days of the Civil War would eventually come to a close and the congregation and community would grow and thrive during the rest of the 19th Century.  Such growth continued even during the war as the congregation grew to 576 members and with 125 students in the school.  William Arndt summarizes the ministry of Biltz during these treacherous times, writing, “It was in times like these that the faith of the founders and first members of our Synod was tested.  Pastor Biltz, in spite of an alluring call into safe territory, remained with his little flock in the war-torn area, conceiving it to be his duty no to forsake  it in these days of temptation and sorrow.  His heroic devotion to duty constitutes one of the fine pages in the early history of our church-body.  It was but natural that soon the Western District looked upon him as one of its leaders and after the lapse of several years elected him as its President, a position which he occupied with honor for seventeen years.” 

Rev. Dr. Lee Hagan

 
A thorough treatment of the history of the German immigrants who founded the community of Concordia, including the local skirmishes with the Bushwhackers is Robert Frizzell’s book Independent Immigrants: A Settlement of Hannoverian Germans in Western Missouri, published by University of Missouri Press.  Frizell will speak at St. Paul’s on June 15 in the afternoon as part of the congregation’s 175th Anniversary. 

An article about the discovery of the Biltz diaries was featured in Lutheran Witness in June 2009.  http://blogs.lcms.org/2009/uncovering-history-6-2009. 

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